跳到主要內容

從畫面回傳資料

在某些情況下,您可能希望從新的畫面返回資料。例如,假設您推入一個新的畫面,向使用者呈現兩個選項。當使用者點擊一個選項時,您希望通知第一個畫面使用者的選擇,以便它可以根據該資訊採取行動。

您可以使用 Navigator.pop() 方法,透過以下步驟來完成此操作

  1. 定義首頁畫面
  2. 新增一個啟動選擇畫面的按鈕
  3. 顯示帶有兩個按鈕的選擇畫面
  4. 當按鈕被點擊時,關閉選擇畫面
  5. 在首頁畫面上顯示帶有選擇結果的 snackbar

1. 定義主畫面

#

首頁畫面顯示一個按鈕。當點擊時,它會啟動選擇畫面。

dart
class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomeScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('Returning Data Demo'),
      ),
      // Create the SelectionButton widget in the next step.
      body: const Center(
        child: SelectionButton(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

2. 新增啟動選取畫面的按鈕

#

現在,建立 SelectionButton,它會執行以下操作

  • 當點擊時,啟動 SelectionScreen。
  • 等待 SelectionScreen 返回結果。
dart
class SelectionButton extends StatefulWidget {
  const SelectionButton({super.key});

  @override
  State<SelectionButton> createState() => _SelectionButtonState();
}

class _SelectionButtonState extends State<SelectionButton> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ElevatedButton(
      onPressed: () {
        _navigateAndDisplaySelection(context);
      },
      child: const Text('Pick an option, any option!'),
    );
  }

  Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
    // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
    // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
    final result = await Navigator.push(
      context,
      // Create the SelectionScreen in the next step.
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
    );
  }
}

3. 顯示具有兩個按鈕的選取畫面

#

現在,建立一個包含兩個按鈕的選擇畫面。當使用者點擊一個按鈕時,該應用程式會關閉選擇畫面,並讓首頁畫面知道點擊了哪個按鈕。

此步驟定義了 UI。下一步是加入程式碼以返回資料。

dart
class SelectionScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const SelectionScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('Pick an option'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: [
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Pop here with "Yep"...
                },
                child: const Text('Yep!'),
              ),
            ),
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Pop here with "Nope"...
                },
                child: const Text('Nope.'),
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

4. 點擊按鈕時,關閉選取畫面

#

現在,更新兩個按鈕的 onPressed() 回呼。要將資料返回到第一個畫面,請使用 Navigator.pop() 方法,該方法接受一個名為 result 的可選第二個參數。任何結果都會返回到 SelectionButton 中的 Future

「是」按鈕

#
dart
ElevatedButton(
  onPressed: () {
    // Close the screen and return "Yep!" as the result.
    Navigator.pop(context, 'Yep!');
  },
  child: const Text('Yep!'),
)

「否」按鈕

#
dart
ElevatedButton(
  onPressed: () {
    // Close the screen and return "Nope." as the result.
    Navigator.pop(context, 'Nope.');
  },
  child: const Text('Nope.'),
)

5. 在主畫面上顯示含有選取內容的訊息列

#

現在您正在啟動選擇畫面並等待結果,您會想要使用返回的資訊做一些事情。

在這種情況下,通過使用 SelectionButton 中的 _navigateAndDisplaySelection() 方法來顯示一個 snackbar,顯示結果。

dart
// A method that launches the SelectionScreen and awaits the result from
// Navigator.pop.
Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
  // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
  // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
  final result = await Navigator.push(
    context,
    MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
  );

  // When a BuildContext is used from a StatefulWidget, the mounted property
  // must be checked after an asynchronous gap.
  if (!context.mounted) return;

  // After the Selection Screen returns a result, hide any previous snackbars
  // and show the new result.
  ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
    ..removeCurrentSnackBar()
    ..showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('$result')));
}

互動式範例

#
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(
    const MaterialApp(
      title: 'Returning Data',
      home: HomeScreen(),
    ),
  );
}

class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const HomeScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('Returning Data Demo'),
      ),
      body: const Center(
        child: SelectionButton(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class SelectionButton extends StatefulWidget {
  const SelectionButton({super.key});

  @override
  State<SelectionButton> createState() => _SelectionButtonState();
}

class _SelectionButtonState extends State<SelectionButton> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ElevatedButton(
      onPressed: () {
        _navigateAndDisplaySelection(context);
      },
      child: const Text('Pick an option, any option!'),
    );
  }

  // A method that launches the SelectionScreen and awaits the result from
  // Navigator.pop.
  Future<void> _navigateAndDisplaySelection(BuildContext context) async {
    // Navigator.push returns a Future that completes after calling
    // Navigator.pop on the Selection Screen.
    final result = await Navigator.push(
      context,
      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => const SelectionScreen()),
    );

    // When a BuildContext is used from a StatefulWidget, the mounted property
    // must be checked after an asynchronous gap.
    if (!context.mounted) return;

    // After the Selection Screen returns a result, hide any previous snackbars
    // and show the new result.
    ScaffoldMessenger.of(context)
      ..removeCurrentSnackBar()
      ..showSnackBar(SnackBar(content: Text('$result')));
  }
}

class SelectionScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  const SelectionScreen({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('Pick an option'),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Close the screen and return "Yep!" as the result.
                  Navigator.pop(context, 'Yep!');
                },
                child: const Text('Yep!'),
              ),
            ),
            Padding(
              padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
              child: ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: () {
                  // Close the screen and return "Nope." as the result.
                  Navigator.pop(context, 'Nope.');
                },
                child: const Text('Nope.'),
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}